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When is the foggiest time of the year in the Northwest?
The middle of the winter when we have lots of clouds or storms, perhaps?
Or during the summer when we have clear skies and a good opportunity for the surface to emit infrared radiation to space?
The answer is....around now. Early to mid-autumn is our fog season.
Here is a plot of the frequency of heavy fog (visibility of less than or equal to a quarter mile) for various West Coast locations. For Seattle, the most days with dense fog occur in September and October, with the least number of foggy days in May. So a maximum in early fall and minimum in late spring. Similar in Portland and Vancouver, BC.
So why is early autumn ground zero for fog?.
Well, this time of the year has a lot going for it if you are Northwest fog.
Most of our fog is radiation fog, which occurs on relatively cloud free nights, with the earth radiating infrared radiation to space, cooling the surface and air adjacent to the ground. The air is cooled to the dew point, resulting in saturation and condensation of water vapor into little fog droplets.
But why is autumn so fog friendly? Some reasons include:
- Nights are getting much longer, leaving more time for the earth to cool off to saturation.
- The clouds and storms have not moved in permanently, leaving periods of cloud-free conditions that allow good infrared cooling to space.
- The rains have started again, moistening the ground and the lower atmosphere.
- The atmosphere is relatively stable (not too mixed in the vertical) with the ground cooling but the atmosphere relatively warm. This leads to inversions (temperature warming with height) that damp down vertical mixing, which is bad for fog.
A fog maximum right around Halloween. Very fitting.
ReplyDeleteI've found that south Kitsap County, where I've lived since 1967, has noticeably fewer episodes of fog that's thick enough to impede driving than south King County, where I lived before that. I've no idea why this is, but I like it.
ReplyDeleteWhen I moved to a river valley a few years ago, I was shocked at how many foggy days we got in October and November. We almost literally have two types of mornings, foggy or rainy.
ReplyDeleteNow for a question that I assume is elementary, but I haven't been able to find a reliable answer to. I've noticed that on some days, more likely during warmer times of year than now, we see fog develop just after dawn. Like I will wake up and have perfect visibility as the sky starts to lighten and then an hour later we'll be completely fogged in. Any idea why this happens?
Thanks for this explanation Cliff.
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